It is a kind of temperature sensing element and a primary instrument. The thermocouple measures the temperature directly. The closed circuit is composed of two kinds of conductors with different components. Due to different materials, different electron densities generate electron diffusion, and the potential is generated after stable equilibrium. When there is gradient temperature at both ends, current will be generated in the circuit, generating thermoelectric EMF. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the current will be. The temperature value can be known after the thermoelectric EMF is measured. In practice, thermocouple is a kind of energy converter, which converts heat energy into electric energy.
Technical advantages of thermocouples: wide temperature measurement range and stable performance; high measurement accuracy, direct contact between the thermocouple and the measured object, not affected by the intermediate medium; fast thermal response time, flexible response of the thermocouple to temperature changes; large measurement range, continuous temperature measurement of the thermocouple from - 40 ~ + 1600 ℃; reliable performance and good mechanical strength of the thermocouple. Long service life, convenient installation.
The electric couple must be composed of two kinds of conductor (or semiconductor) data with different properties but meeting certain requirements. There must be a temperature difference between the measuring end and the reference end of the thermocouple.
Two kinds of conductors or semiconductors A and B with different materials are welded together to form a closed circuit. When there is a temperature difference between two rigid points 1 and 2 of conductors A and B, electromotive force will be generated between them, so a large current will be formed in the circuit, which is called thermoelectric effect. Thermocouples work with this effect.
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